Kind vs minikube vs kubeadm reddit Mar 17, 2023 · Two of the most popular choices for running Kubernetes on a Linux system are kubeadm and minikube. KinD offers more control and is suitable for simulating complex network environments. Mais je ne suis pas suffisamment compétent pour comprendre pleinement quelle est la différence avec les K3, les minikube, les microk8 et même les k8 complets. Now when you setup the cluster via kubeadm and corresponding manifests, you would use the DNS RR pointing at HAProxy for the k8s-API. dev ops engineer or something related to it. From kind docs: kind is a tool for running local Kubernetes clusters using Docker container “nodes”. You can run a 1 master, 1 worker cluster for somewhere around $6 a month. Minikube/K3D/Kind are for development and testing. Kind, minikube, microk8s, and k3s are all things I’ve seen used locally to get all the kinks worked out before using some of the other tools I’ve seen mentioned tokens in this thread like ArgoCD to handle deployments to other environments. Kind is an acronym for “Kubernetes in Docker'' and was born from the idea to run Kubernetes on a container runtime (instead of a virtual machine). The cluster should expose ports 80 (HTTP) and 443 (HTTPS) for external access. Both work on ARM-based platforms. This will let you learn the basics, then later you can learn about the differences in the cloud (DNS, block storage, etc). Also using cloud development platforms like OpenShift Dev Spaces and GitHub Codespaces works too. Kubeadm 是允许管理员引导和管理 Kubernetes 集群的软件。它是一个强大的工具，可以大规模管理大量节点和 Pod，因此适合作为自动化任何规模的 If you're just messing around, just use kind (https://kind. 用于比较几个内部部署 Kubernetes 发行版（K3s、MicroK8s、KinD、kubeadm）的环境; MiniKube， Kubeadm， Kind， K3S， 如何开始使用 Kubernetes？ 分析轻量级容器平台：MicroK8s 和 K3s 与 Kubernetes 的比较（性能测试） Minikube vs. What i was actually trying to do was to migrate my docker-compose application to kubernetes, as a toy project. Kubeadm is one of the common ways to setup a self-managed cluster. I give you my opinion on the pros and cons of MiniKube, Kubeadm, Kind and K3S. It can work on most modern Linux systems. Now I am a bit confused if kind gives me any advantage when running as a single cluster? Apr 16, 2016 · Minikube vs. Or check it out in the app stores Home; Popular Kubeadm works well for building out a basic single master cluster. minikube runs a single-node Kubernetes cluster on your personal computer (including Windows, macOS and Linux PCs) so that you can try out Kubernetes, or for daily development work. Just like Minikube, Kind is part of Kubernetes SIG projects. minicube if you have virtualbox but not docker on your system. Like kind, minikube is a tool that lets you run Kubernetes locally. At their core, these three tools serve a similar function: managing Kubernetes on a single machine. # 노드 확인 $ kubectl get node NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION minikube Ready control-plane 118s v1. . k3s for small (or not so small) production setups. But that was a long time ago. In this article, we will discuss the key differences between Kind and kubeadm-aws. What local laptop environment (kind, minikube, k8s, k3d, colima, etc) do you find most similar to Amazon & Azure's hosted Kubernetes? For a new role at work, production will be on either of Amazon or Azure's hosted Kubernetes; but development will be done locally on a mac. Well shit. For my needs k3s/k3d and kind work phenomenally. Multi-cluster management with profiles. Then I remembered that there's an integrated Kubernetes standalone cluster which can be activated in the Docker preferences. Great overview of current options from the article About 1 year ago, I had to select one of them to make disposable kubernetes-lab, for practicing testing and start from scratch easily, and preferably consuming low resources. You can also use k3s; it's hella easy to get started with and it works great. Minikube is the oldest and most popular Kubernetes distribution for local environments. . I can spin up a cluster in 1 command and tear it down just as easily. It was my impression previously that minikube was only supported running under / bringing up a VM. Sep 26, 2019 · 文章浏览阅读1. What minikube is? What kind is? From minikube docs: minikube is local Kubernetes, focusing on making it easy to learn and develop for Kubernetes. Popular tools include Kind, Minikube, MicroK8s, and Kubeadm, each with unique advantages and trade-offs. Sep 13, 2021 · Environment for comparing several on-premise Kubernetes distributions (K3s, MicroK8s, KinD, kubeadm) MiniKube, Kubeadm, Kind, K3S, how to get started on Kubernetes? Profiling Lightweight Container Platforms: MicroK8s and K3s in Comparison to Kubernetes (Performance tests) Minikube vs. Jun 30, 2023 · Developed by Rancher, for mainly IoT and Edge devices. kubeadm-aws vs minikube: What are the differences? What is kubeadm-aws? Low-cost Kubernetes clusters on Amazon Web Services. I'm new to kubernetes too. I would also like to know. Whether you're a seasoned Kubernetes virtuoso or a Oct 29, 2024 · 1. this is why I say it's great for running experiments, because you can get an environment closer to your target environment, and if it's an issue with the cilium CNI that you're trying to track down, you can run Cilium in your Kind cluster then as well. So now I am confused. if K0s is actually better/faster/easier. Under the hood they very similar too with some implementation differences. 28. Feb 22, 2024 · If you’re after compatibility and a simulation close to reality, minikube is your safest bet. But when looking at articles and searching information on how to use it to design the simplest application stack, all you end up on is always someone trying to sell a service, often aimed toward huge corporations with 1000x the sales revenues as we have. In that case they're exactly the same. I gave it a quick shot and I was able to start the Rancher UI in a VM. Take a look and let me know which technology you Minikube is much better than it was, having Docker support is a big win, and the new docs site looks lovely. I then proceed and create 3 other VMs, create a new cluster via the Rancher UI and ran the provided docker command and boom, a cluster easy with a nice little GUI. So we are a team of 3 developers and we were asked to create a kubernetes cluster on a single server instance. K3d works pretty well too and sometimes I mix between those two. If you are going to be mainly concerned about “running things inside the cluster”, this setup will be very useful; if your interests lay mainly in “setting clusters up”, I’ll suggest going for K3S (https://k3s. KinD is my go-to and just works, they have also made it much quicker than the initial few versions. It Minikube. Installation Process: Kind is a tool that runs Kubernetes clusters using Docker containers as nodes. CAPI uses kubeadm under the hood. k3s vs microk8s vs k0s and thoughts about their future I need a replacement for Docker Swarm. 测试方法; 测试结果; 总结; 技术路线比较 Minikube hides the implementation details from you, so for example, you don't generall SSH into the host running Kubernetes to look at what's happening on the cluster you use the minikube binary. 7w次，点赞4次，收藏17次。本文详细介绍了k8s集群的三种主流搭建方式：kubeadm、minikube及二进制包安装。kubeadm因其简便性和效率成为当前推荐的首选工具，适用于快速创建生产级别的kubernetes集群；minikube则更适合本地开发和测试环境；而通过下载官方二进制包手动安装，虽复杂但能 Nov 8, 2018 · Local Kubernetes for Mac– MiniKube vs Docker Desktop In the previous articles of the series, we have seen the local Kubernetes solutions for Windows and Linux. kind sits comfortably in the middle, offering a balance between the two. You can get support from the Kubernetes community through their GitHub repository and Slack channel. kubeadm comes with minikube, k3s, etc right. for testing I've been able to do everything I needed using kind. than K3s? I have used only kubeadm to provision single node k8s clusters on my laptop ( instead of microk8s, minikube etc) and on a cloud VM. MicroK8s: MicroK8s is a lightweight version of Kubernetes that is easy to install and run on a single Raspberry Pi 4. io). Scan this QR code to download the app now. Now, let’s look at a few areas of comparison between k3s vs minikube. Is kubeadm limited to just start multi-node k8 cluster and not to manage it? (And I need something more to manage it?) can you elaborate on the "more limited compared to kubeadm" bit? I believe kind uses kubeadm on the nodes running in containers. A question I am often asked is how do I get started with Kubernetes and how can I do my first tests? So I compared four different technologies that you can use to get started with Kubernetes on your own computer. Whole promise of k8s is that what runs in my laptop must run in the production as well which will not be the case if you use minikube in your laptop and kubeadm in your dev/test/prod environments. The project started in 2016. Kubernetes Features and Support. Minikube is a distribution that supports just about all Kubernetes features. Jun 25, 2020 · In terms of learning Kubernetes features, they are the same. Load balancer etc functionality given in minikube is just for demonstration / testing as minikube cluster runs only on single node and hence no actual node-level balancing happens. Let me know about your experiences or other tools that you use to setup a local Kubernetes… Sep 22, 2023 · Comparing Minikube, KinD, and k3d. A couple of downsides to note: you are limited to flannel cni (no network policy support), single master node by default (etcd setup is absent but can be made possible), traefik installed by default (personally I am old-fashioned and I prefer nginx), and finally upgrading it can be quite disruptive. We should manually edit nodes and virtual machines for multiple K8S servers. Minikube uses virtual machines but because I have already Docker installed I thought I'd give "kind" a try. used minikube , then based on suggestion from devops team now using kind is more simpler but lacks documentation. Minikube runs a single-node Kubernetes cluster inside a VM (e. , user credentials, sessions) across restarts. Kubernetes discussion, news, support, and link sharing. Kubernetes is open source, standardized, lightweight, flexible, and there's a infinite amount of tools to use with. Minikube is aimed at use on a developer workstation to give you a single-node cluster for dev or testing purposes. so kubeadm that you are referring to is a full blown kubernetes installation? So I would have thought in most cases if you had the ability via a decent computer with ram/cpus/disk space, to run the same (but not nearly as scaled obviously) setup you run in production, it takes Feb 22, 2024 · 如果你只关心快不快，那么 k3d 是最好的选择。如果你关心的是兼容性以及测试尽可能模拟真实场景，那么 minikube 是最稳妥的选择。kind 算是在这两个之间的一个平衡。 技术路线比较. ). Kubeadm es un software que permite a un administrador arrancar y gestionar un clúster de Kubernetes. Let’s first look at the kubernetes features and support that most would want for development and DevOps. k3s vs minikube: What are the differences? Introduction: K3s and Minikube are both tools used to manage Kubernetes clusters and facilitate the deployment of containerized applications. kind vs. Jan 10, 2025 · Minikube vs k3s: Pros and Cons. Should not be that hard and you'll learn quite a bit. To choose the right Kubernetes development tool, consider the following factors: Complexity: Minikube is the easiest to set up and is great for beginners. Its just service / pod level balancing. 30. Il existe d'autres outils Kubernetes en plus de kubeadm et minikube, tels que Kind, K3s et Microk8s. sigs. I guess you're referring to the kubeadm distribution as k8s. Each one has their pros and cons, and fills a certain niche that the other does not. For local work I use KinD or Minikube, but they aren’t suitable for real world ‘bare metal’, more for CI and testing. k3d에서 컨테이너 이미지 관리; Docker x509: certificate has e⋯; Login Shell for Kubernetes wit⋯; CURL 인증서(CA Certificate) 추가하기 Kind vs kubeadm-aws: What are the differences? Introduction. Nov 1, 2018 · Minikube. Posted by u/[Deleted Account] - 77 votes and 46 comments For local development of an application (requiring multiple services), looking for opinions on current kind vs minikube vs docker-compose. Unlike miniKube, microK8S can run multiple nodes in the local Kubernetes cluster. io/do cs/tasks/addons/ Apr 15, 2024 · Optimize performance with Kubeadm and Minikube: It’s important to optimize performance with Kubeadm and Minikube, as this will help to ensure that your Kubernetes clusters are running smoothly and efficiently. Hello, I have been using swarm in production uptil now and got an opportunity and approval from management to try out kubernetes (yay!!!). As the name suggests it moves the cluster into Docker containers. You can use a local cluster, like kind or Minikube, or a cloud-based solution, like GKE%20orEKS or EKS. k8s. Minikube supports most typical Kubernetes features such as DNS, Dashboards, CNI, NodePorts, Config Maps, etc. I assumed we needed to create a single node cluster but I was also asked to create 1 master and 2 worker nodes using kubeadm. I only briefly used minikube but found pretty much what you're also seeing. kind. In this article we compare two popular ways to install a local K8s cluster on a Mac - Minikube and Docker desktop… I’m currently running a couple of multi node test clusters on my Win10 minipc (i5+16gb RAM) with Docker Desktop + WSL2 + K3D (https://k3d. The great benefit of capi is the maintenance and integrations. It can with more work also build clusters with multiple masters if you need that. Could be a good middle ground between doing it "the hard way" and something like minikube or kind. minikube minikube 是一个 Kubernetes SIG 项目，已经启动三年多了。它采用生成虚拟机的方法，该虚拟机本质上是一个单节点 K8s 集群。由于支持大量管理程序，它可以在所有主要操作系统上使用。这也允许您并行创建多个实例。 从用户 In addition to using minikube, you may want to consider practicing with a managed Kubernetes service, such as Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) or Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS), or setting up your own multi-node cluster using tools like Kubeadm. Minikube is a tool that sets up a single-node Kubernetes cluster on your local machine. You can easily scale to many nodes if you need to and you don't have to care about the nodes as much. Supports different hypervisors (VirtualBox, KVM, HyperKit, Docker, etc. But if you need a multi-node dev cluster I suggest Kind as it is faster. A question I am often asked is how do I get started with Kubernetes and how can I do my first tests? So I compared four different technologies that you can use to get started with Kubernetes on your own computer. Kind is another Kubernetes SIGs project but is quite different compared to minikube. Apr 20, 2024 · Minikube also has a Slack channel where you can chat with other users and get help. Virtualbox ) in your local development environment. Can’t really compare them. Is there any point in learning the official way of doing things vs a respin, liks debian vs ubuntu. vs K3s vs minikube Lightweight Kubernetes distributions are becoming increasingly popular for local development, edge/IoT container management and self-contained application deployments. I have convinced myself that kubernetes is not a "product" but a standard/concept Incorrect. The point of alternatives is to meet different use cases. At this point, I couldn’t find out why it is still maintained (I found a reason, but read on). May 19, 2021 · minikube; microk8s; k3s; k0s; kind; minikube. kind for local test clusters on a single system. Both serve different purposes within the Kubernetes ecosystem but are sometimes confused due to their ability to launch Minikube: Minikube is a tool that makes it easy to run a single-node Kubernetes cluster on your local machine. Take a look and let me know which technology you Feb 9, 2023 · 文章介绍了不同轻量级Kubernetes本地环境搭建工具，包括minikube、k3s、k3d、Kind和MicroK8s的特点和适用场景。minikube适合初学者，k3s是生产就绪的轻量级发行版，k3d提供基于Docker的k3s集群，Kind利用Docker容器快速启动，而MicroK8s则强调简洁、安全和最新的Kubernetes兼容性。 Kind是另一个Kubernetes SIGs项目，但与minikube相比有很大不同。 顾名思义，它将集群移动到Docker容器中。 与生成VM相比，这将显著加快启动速度。 Apr 18, 2020 · In this post we’ll have a look at Minikube vs kind vs k3s and compare their pros and cons and identify use cases for each of them. Easy setup of a single-node Kubernetes cluster. This comparison by u/pablokbs made me choose microk8s. I wrap kubeadm in an Ansible role that’s open source but haven’t played with master HA much. for any kind of future work with kubernetes at a scale beyond 1 cluster your better off getting used to kubectl --context BLABLA in your future, everywhere, all the time. Kubeadm and experimentation, and kubespray are two popular options. May 21, 2021 · Minikube and Kind are both tools which help run Kubernetes (all the pieces that make it up) in particular ways. K3s Feb 21, 2022 · Small Kubernetes for local testing - k0s, MicroK8s, kind, k3s, k3d, and Minikube Posted on February 21, 2022 · 1 minute read Nov 6, 2024 · Among these tools, Minikube and Kubeadm stand out as two popular options. coming from a brief use of K3s and not knowing how to really use any of these KxS flavors. 0 milestone. This may include configuring Kubernetes resources, optimizing network traffic, or using Kubernetes features such as node affinity or Yep, I realized that too. Kind creates lightweight Kubernetes clusters inside Docker containers, whereas Minikube Salut à tous, J'ai donc commencé à jouer avec les K3 et j'aime vraiment la simplicité de mise en route. "Why would anyone use a kubernetes cluster of one machine, when you could just use docker-compose" The reason is, you can start learning the kubernetes environment without the hassle of setting up and managing a multi node cluster, before being able to run a single service. Minikube是在一个Linux虚拟机上部署K8S的。依赖于虚拟化的技术（如VirtualBox)，它可以运行在MacOS和Windows上。在Linux上，不用做虚拟化，可以直接运行Minikube。Minikube有自己的一些方便开发用途的addon: https:// minikube. In this article, we talk about… Nov 10, 2020 · + Recent posts. Sep 17, 2022 · minikube – minikube is known as as “Local Kubernetes engine“. In this tutorial, we will look at the differences between kubeadm and minikube. Ngoài kubeadm và minikube còn có các công cụ Kubernetes khác, chẳng hạn như Kind, K3s và Microk8s. io) or minikube if you want VMs (https://minikube. 1. Although they serve a similar purpose, there are key differences between the two that are important to consider when choosing the right tool for your needs. k3s – What should I use? (Summary) 115K subscribers in the kubernetes community. K3d strikes a balance between ease of use and flexibility; Dec 5, 2019 · This is being achieved by minikube’s addon system that helps you integrating things like, Helm, Nvidia GPUs and an image registry with your cluster. Mỗi phần mềm đều có một trường hợp sử dụng cụ thể, điều quan trọng cần phải hiểu khi chọn đúng phần mềm mà bạn muốn dùng để quản lý cụm Kubernetes của mình. Unveiling the Kubernetes Distros Side by Side: K0s, K3s, microk8s, and Minikube ⚔️ I took this self-imposed challenge to compare the installation process of these distros, and I'm excited to share the results with you. Now that minikube supports deployment with Docker driver, using kind may seem less appealing, especially given that kind has yet to hit the v1. Jan 6, 2024 · As the curtain falls on our comparison of Kubeadm, Kind, and Minikube, remember that each tool brings its own melody to the Kubernetes orchestra. if I needed vms for some reason I might consider minikube. Bash and Terraform code which provisions affordable single master Kubernetes cluster on AWS. Kind can be installed via Go or from package managers: # Mac brew install kind # Windows choco install kind. k3s – 我应该使用什么？（总结） Posted by u/j8k7l6 - 41 votes and 30 comments 124K subscribers in the kubernetes community. Similitudes y diferencias de Kubeadm y Minikube; Pros y contras de Kubeadm y Minikube ¿Qué herramienta debo usar, kubeadm o minikube? Información general de Kubeadm. Es una herramienta robusta que puede administrar una gran cantidad de nodos Hey, thanks for the reply. In Kind, you can set up multiple node clusters, decide on CNI options for yourself, etc. When comparing the key features of Minikube, Kind, and K3s, it is essential to consider several factors that define their usability and performance: Resource Requirements: Minikube generally requires more resources, as it runs a full Kubernetes cluster in a virtual machine. Most recently used kind, and used minikube before that. kubeadm, minikube, kind, k3s or rancher Those just make it easier to use kubernetes. What is minikube? Local Kubernetes engine. I started with minikube then discovered kind and finally landed on microk8s, really like the set of features they support, the UX of just enabling addons and exporting the config. The result is a local Kubernetes endpoint that you can use with the kubectl client. I have a couple of dev clusters running this by-product of rancher/rke. K3S on the other hand is a standalone, production ready solution suited for both dev and prod workloads. Add-ons for additional functionalities Sep 16, 2024 · Key Features Comparison: Minikube, Kind, and K3s. K3S is legit. Persistent storage should be configured to retain Keycloak data (e. Its default configuration makes it very easy to get started. As for the why I wanted more direct exposure to building the cluster. Mit ihnen kann z. It provides an easy way to create and manage multiple Kubernetes clusters locally. Although minikube is a generally great choice for running Kubernetes locally, one major downside is that it can only run a single node in the local Kubernetes cluster-this makes it a little farther to a production multi-node Kubernetes environment. But I guess my point is to ask if I am missing anything important by not going with 'reference' kubernetes. 0版本。建议去认真阅读一下官方文档，下面的操作基本是出自官方文档。 Thanks for the reply. g. Kind 顾名思义 Kubernetes in docker，是一个使用 docker 容器在本地运行 Kubernetes 集群的工具。其本身就是为了测试 Kubernetes 而设计，所以天生就和 CI 紧密关联，广泛应用于各种云原生项目的 CI 中，同时因为其可以快速拉起集群和操作简单，深受开发者喜爱，可谓是“有 Kind 不思 Minikube”。 Mar 27, 2020 · Heutzutage gibt es ein paar Tools, die angeben, ein vollwertiges Kubernetes-Cluster (teilweise) zu ersetzen. I use K3S heavily in prod on my resource constricted clusters. i just alias the contexts that i use most often when CLI'ing around, for anything else it is context driven, even helm. Oct 22, 2023 · k8s部署官方提供了kind、minikube、kubeadmin中安装方式。其中minikube安装在之前的文章中已经介绍过，部署比较简单。下面介绍通过kubeadmin部署k8s集群。安装的是1. Because i'll need to use kubernetes for more complicated projects soon (and by soon, i mean now. I have only setup clusters using kubeadm, which does most of the heavy lifting for you in terms of getting the cluster up and running. It can be installed on a Raspberry Pi 4 and be used to run simple workloads. assuming they both have the same Kubernetes version. Whilst that's an advantage when things are going well (no need to worry about managing that host) when things break, I feel it makes troubleshooting Wrote a little comparison between Minikube, kind and k3s. Let's explore the key differences between the two: Architecture: Kind and Minikube differ in their architecture. Kubernetes is compatible to standards though. Aug 26, 2020 · This blog post compares four Kubernetes technologies: MiniKube, Kubeadm, Kind and K3S to help beginners start with Kubernetes. Just run something like minikube or k3d on your local PC. io) with k3sup companion script Oct 21, 2020 · Underneath the hood, kind uses kubeadm to bootstrap Kubernetes inside Docker. KUBECONFIG var is not just a single file, it can be many files. minikube; kind; k3d; 启动性能比较. jeder Entwickler seine eigene lokale Cluster-Instanz laufen lassen, um damit herumzuexperimentieren, seine Anwendung zu implementieren oder Tests gegen Anwendungen durchzuführen, die während des CI/CDs in K8s laufen. OCI, CRI, CNI. These channels are active, and you can get help quickly. B. kubeadm 和 minikube 的异同; kubeadm 和 minikube 的优点和缺点; 我应该使用哪个工具，kubeadm 还是 minikube？ kubeadm 背景信息. You will get the same Kubernetes and Kubernetes resources in both: Pod, Deployments, ConfigMaps, StatefulSets, Secrets, etc. Upgrading a cluster then becomes as easy as running kubeadm upgrade first on the masters and then on all worker nodes. Hi everyone, I have recently started learning kubernetes, ansible, docker, and etc around two weeks ago to become either a jr. It provides a VM-based Kubernetes environment. Additional info from devops is kind is the internal tool used by kubernetes team for testing (not sure ). In particular, I need deployments without downtimes, being more reliable than Swarm, stuff like Traefik (which doesn't exist for Docker Swarm with all the features in a k8s context, also Caddy for Docker wouldn't work) and being kind of future-proof. Kind is another project driven by a Kubernetes SIG. If you are looking to run Kubernetes on devices lighter in resources, have a look at the table below. I have experience setting up my own local clusters with kubeadm and minikube. The reason for this approval is to motivate team and push them to learn new things. 0 # 파드 확인 $ kubectl get pod -A NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE kube-system coredns-7db6d8ff4d-8wp2w 1/1 Running 0 113s kube-system etcd-minikube 1/1 Running 0 2m7s kube-system kube-apiserver-minikube 1/1 Running 0 2m8s kube Jan 23, 2025 · Kubernetes Clusters in DevOps: Choosing Between Kind, Minikube, MicroK8s, and Kubeadm Introduction Kubernetes offers various deployment options to suit different needs, whether for local development, testing, or production environments. this just through a monkey wrench in using K3s. I'm designing my infrastructure at the moment since I'm still in time to change the application behavior to take advantage of k8s, my major concern was whether I'd be more likely to encounter issues along the road going full vanilla or using an out of the box solution, I'm more of a developer than a sysadmin but I still need to think ahead of time and evaluate whether an easy setup would work this is the way. Chacun a un cas d'utilisation spécifique qu'il est important de comprendre lors du choix du bon logiciel avec lequel vous souhaitez gérer votre cluster Kubernetes. If you feel the need to do a "proper" k8s installation with kubeadm, go for it. Kind. What does "local Kubernetes" mean in kind and minikube docs? I know what containers are. Most development tools support minikube out of the box. Kind vs minikube: What are the differences? Kind and Minikube are both tools that facilitate the setup and management of Kubernetes clusters.
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