Hong kong district court case search. In the recent Judgment handed .

Hong kong district court case search Database of judgments from 原訟法庭 of Hong Kong. The maximum term of imprisonment a District Court judge can impose is 7 years. m. Daily Cause Lists; The Warned List; Information for parties to proceedings; Public Seating and Ticketing Arrangement e-Courts. Whenever your Organization opts to transact with the e-Court electronically for a specific court case (i. Daily cause lists will be posted by 6:30 p. Other Courts. Access this case on the Michigan Eastern District Court's Electronic Court Filings (ECF) System. Newly Added Judgments The collection of the Judiciary Libraries is basically of common law materials housed mainly in the High Court Library, Court of Final Appeal Library and District Court Library. Feb 7, 2025 · To enquire the submitted electronic application for court records by means of iCMS, an IU/OU account holder is required to login his/her registered user account. The CSC is a meeting between the parties, overseen by a District Court Master. A digest and a consolidated index of the District Court Law Reports of Hong Kong 1953-1971 and 1972-1977 are available. They were charged with conspiracy to publish and/or reproduce seditious publications. District Court. In addition to the Court of First Instance (judges and masters) and the Court of Appeal, the use of remote hearings was therefore extended to the Competition Tribunal (presided over by a High Court judge), the District Court (judges and masters) and the Family Court. Introductory Notes . Court of Appeal. Assessment of statutory compensation. Judgments & Legal Reference. Judgments & Ruling. Guidelines on preparation of appeal bundles ; Sample Appeal Bundles ; View all sub-topics 5 days ago · The Basic Law Court Case Database contains court cases extracted from "Hong Kong Basic Law: Case Studies (1997-2010) (Articles 1-42)" and "Hong Kong Basic Law: Case Studies (1997-2010) (Articles 43-160)". They deal with cases such as hawking contraventions, traffic offences and other departmental summonses. Details are set out in the relevant implementation notice(s) issued by the Chief Justice and the courts concerned are e-Courts. S. See full list on doj. . For good reasons, the District Court may continue to handle the claim when the counterclaim exceeds $3 million, but a report has to be made to the High Court and the High Court may transfer the case. to all of the principal civil courts in Hong Kong. Case Law. Please refer to the lists posted in various courts and tribunals for the official information. If he/she has indicated his/her preference to receive the estimation of transcript fees in the application, he/she may, by providing response to the estimation of transcript fees via the “Enquire Electronic Application for Court Records” function, withdraw only the request for transcript, but not the remaining requests for court records as they may have been processed. Please refer to the Judiciary’s dedicated webpage through Jan 8, 2025 · The courts of justice in Hong Kong comprise the Court of Final Appeal, the High Court (comprising the Court of Appeal and the Court of First Instance), the Competition Tribunal, the District Court (which includes the Family Court), the Lands Tribunal, the Magistrates' Courts (which include the Juvenile Court), the Coroner's Court, the Labour How is a trial or hearing conducted in court; How to apply for appeal ; How to enforce a judgment; Civil Justice Reform in Hong Kong; Sample Appeal Bundles for Civil Appeals to the Court of Appeal. The restriction under section 9P of the Criminal Procedure Ordinance, Cap. LEUNG TAK WONG TANG CHUNG SHING CHU KWONG WA LAU WING KIN LAM TSUI MAN LAU The District Courts Law Reports, 1953-1981. In the majority of personal injury (PI) cases, the parties often appoint their own medical experts to jointly assess the plaintiff’s injuries, following which a joint medical report (JMR) will be issued to assist the Court in assessing the severity of the plaintiff’s injuries and the level of damages and compensation to be awarded flowing from the injuries. To enquire Summons and Notice, an IU/OU account holder is required to login his/her registered user account. If you want to introduce the case clearly, use expressions such as in the case of – in the case of Fluor v Solutia. Starting from 1997, selected District Court cases are available from the Court's duty to manage cases (O. What types of cases will be heard in each of these major law courts? 3. There are also seven Special Magistrates. Sick leave periods. THE DISTRICT COURT. Last Revision Date: 4 Feb 15, 2025 · 15th February 2025 – (Hong Kong) An Indonesian domestic helper has been awarded HK$180,000 in damages after the Hong Kong District Court ruled that her former employer created a hostile work environment through persistent sexual harassment. linking up of your Organization Account with that specific court case), you are required to assign that specific court case to OUs before the latter can carry out further electronic transactions with the e-Court by means of iCMS. Last year, a total of 503 matters were submitted to the District Court (Fees) Rules (L. The information provided here is for reference only and is subject to change. Press & Public Relations Office; Item Description Format Unit Price Availability; 1. Feb 11, 2025 · Digital platforms in focus: Antitrust insights from Mainland China and Hong Kong scrutiny of food delivery platform – Part 2; Digital platforms in focus: Antitrust insights from Mainland China and Hong Kong scrutiny of food delivery platform – A three-part series; Hong Kong to increase statutory minimum wage to HK$42. Yes, a prescribed search fee is payable. Young, Government Printer (Hong Kong). These judgments are provided by the Judiciary of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) of the People's Republic of China. 27 vols. Sep 14, 2020 · The search results on this web page are for reference purpose only. Judgments & Legal Reference > Judgments & Ruling. 新載判案書項下所展示的判案書，都是過去6個工作天內上載的判案書。如欲索取此網站內沒有收載的判案書，請以書面方式臚列索取有關判案書的理由，直接向有關的法庭登記處提出申請。 Dec 6, 2024 · Newly Added Judgments are judgments uploaded in the last six working days. The sixth edition of Hong Kong District Court Practice presents a comprehensive compilation of the intricate text of the District Court Ordinance (Cap 336), the Rules of the District Court, and Practice Directions. the Court Proceedings (Electronic Technology) (District Court) (Electronic Fees) Rules, Cap The District Court is the intermediate court system in Hong Kong, having limited criminal and civil jurisdictions. The fifth edition of Hong Kong District Court Practice brings together the complex text of the District Court Ordinance (Cap 336), the Rules of the District Court and Practice Directions relevant to the District Court. Case Background . Contains reported decisions from the Court of Final Appeal, the Court of Appeal of the High Court, and the Court of First Instance of the High Court, the courts of the British crown colony of Hong Kong (the Privy Council, the Court of Appeal, and the High Court 1. Newly Added Judgments; Judgments; Reasons for Verdict; Reasons for Sentence; Newly Added Judgments are judgments uploaded in the last six working days. Court Diary. In the past there were six LG 1, High Court Building, 38 Queensway, Hong Kong Telephone: 2523 2212 Facsimile: 2524 9725 Clerk of Court's Office Address: G/F, High Court Building, 38 Queensway, Hong Kong Telephone: 2825 4672 Facsimile: 2530 3512 Masters' Clerks Office Address: LG 115, High Court Building, 38 Queensway, Hong Kong Telephone: 2825 4673 Facsimile: 2524 2034 Mar 3, 2025 · This database provides a comprehensive collection of legal materials, and contains major publications including Hong Kong Cases, Hong Kong Cases Unreported, and Hong Kong Family Law Reports, etc. District Court judges also hear cases without a jury. e. Jan 10, 2022 · Outside of the SDO, there was no avenue for appeal. The District Court deals with all indictable offences and may hear all serious criminal cases except certain offences such as manslaughter, murder and rape. R. 336) (“DCO”) and the Rules of the District Court (Cap. Law Wan Tung District Court of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (2015) Domestic and intimate partner violence, Trafficking in persons Three Indonesian domestic helpers claimed that they were assaulted and abused by Law Wang Tung,a Hong Kong housewife, during their employment by Defendant between 2010 and 2014. Judgments; Reasons for Verdict; Reasons for Sentence Feb 1, 2021 · From January 2021, the District Court of Hong Kong will introduce Case Settlement Conferences (CSC) to assist parties to settle their disputes at an early stage. Indictable offences are criminal offences triable on indictment before a Judge alone or with a jury. Yes. 80% of the existing fee level as specified in the relevant legislation, e. Mar 7, 2025 · Assign court case(s) to OU Account(s) by SA of the same branch, including assignment by PA (by profile) (1,323 KB) Assign court case(s) to OU Account(s) by SA of the same branch, including assignment by PA (by case number) (1,682 KB) Enquire SA with case assignment right (587 KB) Assign court case(s) to OU Account(s) by PA/SA (by profile Lodging documents by electronic means. Use of electronic technology in e-Courts; Terms and Conditions for using the integrated Court Case Management System (“iCMS”) of the Judiciary; Notices and Announcements; iCMS Login via e-Courts; Reference Materials; Forms; List of law firms registered for iCMS account; System Maintenance Information; Help and Support 11 Jul, 2023. They also facilitate court users (including witnesses, defendants' family members, etc. (L. 336, sections 72 and 87) [25 March 1988] (Format changes E. Disapplication These rules do not apply in relation to a type or description of The restriction under section 9P of the Criminal Procedure Ordinance, Cap. Refworld is the leading global law and policy database on refugee law, statelessness and internal displacement, providing access to content from UNHCR and external sources. How are the Judges being appointed or dismissed? Court users may use integrated Court Case Management System for District Court Civil Action (29-07-2022) Judiciary rolls out integrated Court Case Management System (06-05-2022) Useful Information from Judiciary. These include legal textbooks, case law reports, statutes, legislation, Government Gazette and legal journals primarily of Hong Kong, UK and selectively of Australia Aug 28, 2020 · For other interested people, they may get the case number for searching in accordance with the relevant legislation on court procedures (e. Access to Information (A) Code on Access to Information (B) List of Information Available to the Public Free of Charge or at a Cost May 20, 2022 · 11-06-2024 Statement of Chief Justice of Court of Final Appeal; 07-06-2024 Statement of Chief Justice of Court of Final Appeal; 06-06-2024 Statement by the Judiciary; 04-06-2024 Judicial appointment; 26-05-2024 CJ to visit Shanghai and Zhejiang; 23-05-2024 Appointment of non-permanent judge from another common law jurisdiction of the Court of Sep 14, 2020 · The restriction under section 9P of the Criminal Procedure Ordinance, Cap. 6 (2/F) of District Court - Open Hearing. These rules may be cited as the District Court (Fees) Rules. Judgments. Search for Party Aliases; Associated Cases; Attorneys; Case File Civil Extract search, a search for the record in relation to an identified person [a natural person or a corporaton] for a period of 7 years in Hong Kong (High Court, District Courts [Cases in HCA, HCMP, DCCJ, DCMP]), and for a period of available year of records in P. 1 per hour 3. Citation. The database records are updated only to the extent of information and documents that are made available May 13, 2023 · District Court of Hong Kong Judgments 1946-Selected full text searchable decisions in English and Chinese (on HKLII) Family Court of Hong Kong Judgments 1973-Selected full text searchable judgments in English and Chinese (on HKLII) Guide to Court Services Information on courts; Hong Kong - Case Notes The restriction under section 9P of the Criminal Procedure Ordinance, Cap. 23 (7/F) of District Court - Pre-Trial Review. 5 days ago · Access additional case information on PACER. Sep 14, 2020 · The restriction under section 9P of the Criminal Procedure Ordinance, Cap. In the recent Judgment handed If not given but "number" is given, it will be displayed as "Case No. In the High Court, it is not compulsory to have a jury to hear a defamation case. hk 本網頁提供各級法院現時及下一個聆訊日期資料。此網頁所載的資料因時有更改，所以只供參考。最新的資料以張貼於各法院及審裁處的審訊案件表為準。如有查詢, 請聯絡各法院登記處。審訊案件表會於前一個工作天下午六時三十分前上載於這網站。 “審訊案件表”是用以向公眾人士提供法庭聆訊日期、時間及相關的資料。此外，“審訊案件表”亦用以協助法庭使用者（包括證人及被告人親友等）得悉應往哪一個法庭應訊／聽審。聆訊日期過後，相關的“審訊案件表”即無用處，不再保留。除上文所述的用途外，閱覽“審訊案件表”的任何人士，不得將表中所載的個人資料另作別用。香港法例第221章《刑事訴訟程序條例》第9P條的限制適用於報導高等法院原訟法庭、區域法院及裁判法院的保釋法律程序。 Sep 14, 2020 · Daily Cause Lists are published to provide members of the public with information on the schedule of court hearings and related matters. ) to know which court they should attend. A subscription to PACER is required. Known values will have a tooltip displayed with {} explaining what the abbreviation means; for the individual values, see the subtemplates for each of the courts (district court cases are not yet handled): Court of First Instance: {{Cite Hong Kong case/HKCFI}} Court of Court of Final Appeal. This authoritative work is supplemented by Feb 18, 2020 · The foreign judgment was not contrary to Hong Kong rules of public policy or notions of natural justice; The foreign court had jurisdiction over the defendant according to Hong Kong rules; and; An action in Hong Kong based on a foreign judgment must be brought within 12 years from the date on which the foreign judgment became enforceable. This database contains judgments of District Court from 1946. Volumes include a table of cases and a topical index. PrimeLaw Dec 6, 2024 · Judgments & Legal Reference. 83 of 2021) (Cap. Wong granted the accused cash bail of HK$10,000 on condition they report to a police station weekly, live at their declared Mar 7, 2025 · A7. Please note that the list of court case is available in Chinese only. Aug 19, 2022 · In the case of Tan, Shaun Zhi Ming v. Reproduction for commercial purposes is strictly prohibited. First Instance Courts. Court's PACER system. Commentaries include section-by section annotations dealing with the meaning and application of the statutory provisions Search the Basic Law Court Case Please input the keyword Search Advanced Search Note: * The court cases are extracted from "Hong Kong Basic Law: Case Studies (1997-2010) (Articles 1-42)" (co-authored by Lee Hoey, Simon and Wang Kwok-wah, Justin) and "Hong Kong Basic Law: Case Studies (1997-2010) (Articles 43-160)" (co-authored by Lee Hoey Mar 6, 2025 · Hong Kong’s top court has ruled in favour of three Tiananmen vigil activists, quashing their convictions over failing to comply with a national security police data demand. N. Daily Cause Lists; The Warned List; Information for parties to proceedings; Public Seating and Ticketing Arrangement Currently, with searchable access to over 3 million civil proceedings records of the High Court and District Court of Hong Kong, including bankruptcy & company winding-up petitions, dating as far back as 1990, and hearing records of criminal proceedings, Small Claims Tribunal, Lands Tribunal, and Magistrates' Courts to 2005. Terms and Conditions for using the integrated Court Case Management System ("iCMS") of the Judiciary Hong Kong e-Legislation; Search. Oct 23, 2016 · EN: So remember, a case citation has three main elements: name of the case, name of the court and year – Fai Tak v Sui Chong, heard in the Hong Kong District Court in 2009. Court of Final Appeal (Hong Kong) District Court (Hong Kong) Family Court (Hong Kong) Court of Appeal (Hong Kong) High Court (Hong Kong) 1-929-605-4013. Once the District Court is seized of jurisdiction, the proceedings are governed by the District Court Ordinance (Cap. Chow Hang-tung the District Court, to be followed by other proceedings in the District Court and other levels of courts by phases from 2022. The Law Reports of Hong Kong. Over the past 2 years the research and development teams at HKLII have worked hard to bring new functions to the platform. Is English the only language used in courts? 5. The District Court has both criminal and civil jurisdiction. Familiy Court Land Tribunal. on the working day preceding the trial day. Dec 4, 2024 · Terms and Conditions for using the integrated Court Case Management System ("iCMS") of the Judiciary Hong Kong e-Legislation; Search. As from 1 April 2020, in addition to the one-way “no-reply” email accounts, an additional electronic means for lodging documents with the court, called the “e-Lodgement Platform”, was made available for parties and legal representatives to lodge with the High Court, District Court and Family Court their submissions, authorities, hearing bundles Dec 6, 2024 · Judgments & Legal Reference. Feb 7, 2025 · A9. Court of First Instance of the The District Court is the intermediate court system in Hong Kong, having limited criminal and civil jurisdictions. It is jointly run by the Law Society of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Bar Association. Use the links below to access additional information about this case on the U. Any accused who needs the service should go to the Court Liaison Office of the Magistrates’ Courts The Chief Magistrate is the overall in charge whose chamber is at the Kowloon City Law Courts Building. In order to encourage the use of iCMS, a concessionary rate of $14 (for each document or file referred to or required) is chargeable for a period of five years since 6 May 2022, i. This database contains judgments of Magistrates' Courts. China (Local District Courts), British Virgin Islands (High Court) and The Judiciary Portal provides access to court services, judgments, and daily cause lists in Hong Kong. Press Releases & Other Information > Access to Information. 4) The Court shall further the underlying objectives of these Rules by actively managing cases. 4A) and the Rules of the District Court (Cap. Select “Magistrates’ Courts” “Inspection of Document” “Enquire Electronic Application for Court Records”, input case number or application reference number so required. The information on this web page is for private use only. Coroners’ Report 此搜尋結果所載的審訊案件表只供參考用途，有關資料以張貼於各法院及審裁處的審訊案件表為準。查詢請聯絡各法院登記處。 Court Diary. Coverage 1905 to current. Order 63, rule 4 of the Rules of the High Court (Cap. Are the judgments made by the Hong Kong courts enforceable in other countries? 6. Are there any other law courts in Hong Kong? 4. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the contents of these case digests, they are for general guidance on the subject matters only and should not be treated as a substitute for specific legal advice. 83 of 2021) 1A. vLex’s intelligent legal research database enables you to easily navigate the complexity of law and search across a wide range of cases from Hong Kong's courts, including: Court of Final Appeal; Court of First Instance; District Court; Family Court; Court of Appeal; High Court May 13, 2023 · District Court of Hong Kong Judgments 1946-Selected full text searchable decisions in English and Chinese (on HKLII) Family Court of Hong Kong Judgments 1973-Selected full text searchable judgments in English and Chinese (on HKLII) Guide to Court Services Information on courts; Hong Kong - Case Notes The Duty Lawyer Service provides legal representation to those charged with nearly all offences in the Magistrates' Courts, including the Juvenile Courts. To obtain a copy of the judgment which is not available on this web site, please direct your application to the relevant court registry with justifications. Mar 7, 2025 · A3. Monthly earnings. gov. Court of Appeal o fthe High Court; Court of First Instance of the High Court ; High Court; District Court; Family Court; Lands Tribunal Unless stated, the Writ of Summons or Judgement are searchable for year 1946 and 1948 and from 1966. (DCCC 265/2022) Court No. Jan 10, 2025 · 11-06-2024 Statement of Chief Justice of Court of Final Appeal; 07-06-2024 Statement of Chief Justice of Court of Final Appeal; 06-06-2024 Statement by the Judiciary; 04-06-2024 Judicial appointment; 26-05-2024 CJ to visit Shanghai and Zhejiang; 23-05-2024 Appointment of non-permanent judge from another common law jurisdiction of the Court of May 13, 2023 · District Court of Hong Kong Judgments 1946-Selected full text searchable decisions in English and Chinese (on HKLII) Family Court of Hong Kong Judgments 1973-Selected full text searchable judgments in English and Chinese (on HKLII) Guide to Court Services Information on courts; Hong Kong - Case Notes Aug 28, 2020 · For other interested people, they may get the case number for searching in accordance with the relevant legislation on court procedures (e. File photo: Candice Chau/HKFP. The District Court deals with indictable offences transferred to it from the Magistrates’ Courts. What are the major law courts in Hong Kong? 2. Assets for the claims of the applicant for the injunction. e-Filing / Case Access Portal << e-Filing & Case Access Portal Help >> We're sorry but Hong Kong Legal Information Institute (HKLII) doesn't work properly without JavaScript enabled. [1] We're sorry but Hong Kong Legal Information Institute (HKLII) doesn't work properly without JavaScript enabled. General construction work. 1) Criminal Jurisdiction. Use of IT in Court; Remote Hearings for Civil Business in the High Court Zafar Sikandar v Charming Construction Engineering Hong Kong Company Ltd. May 20, 2022 · 11-03-2025 司法機構推行網上直播終審法院法庭程序兩年先導計劃; 13-02-2025 司法機構就有關投訴的回應（escc 2586/2019; 以及 hca 2310/2018） King County District Court's 25 elected judges hear a range of civil and criminal cases at 10 locations throughout the County. Lee Chick Choi is one of the few, but increasingly common, local cases where the Court departed from the usual rule that parties in discrimination proceedings to bear their own costs. 336H). We are pleased to announce that our latest efforts have culminated in the deployment of AI-powered features to make legal research on the platform more efficient. [1] It is located in the Wanchai Law Courts, Wanchai Tower, 12 Harbour Road. BEST PENCIL (HONG KONG) LIMITED CHUNG PUI KUEN LAM SHIU TUNG. The District Court was established in 1953 with the enactment of the District Court Ordinance. Civil appeal Court No. Hwh Holdings Ltd And Another v Stephenson Harwood (A Firm) Costs order. A District Court Judge sits alone Aug 28, 2020 · For other interested people, they may get the case number for searching in accordance with the relevant legislation on court procedures (e. Hong Kong Judiciary Annual Report: Web: Free: Judiciary Website: 2. To facilitate submission of documents to court, the Judiciary introduces an “E-submission platform” (“Platform”), which enables legal practitioners and related government departments to submit the following documents and bundles to the District Court through electronic means, if so directed by the Court: Hong Kong Law Reports and Digest (HKLRD) - one of Hong Kong's two authorised law report series - on Westlaw. If there are good reasons, the District Court may continue to handle the claim when the counterclaim exceeds $3 million, but first a report has to be made to the High Court, and then the High Court may transfer the case back to the District Court. In later volumes, title changed to District Court Law Reports and Trademarks Cases, and The Law Reports of Hong Kong The plaintiff can start legal action in either the District court (without a jury) or in the Court of First Instance of the High Court (with or without a jury). g. Jurisprudence (Case Law) Court of Appeal Judgements Court of Final Appeal Judgements Court of First Instance Judgements District Court Judgements Family Court Judgements Hong Kong Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps. 1A, r. Press Releases & Other Information. For more details, please visit the Hong Kong Judiciary website. Database of judgments from District Court of Hong Kong. Appellate Courts. Note: The District Court only has the jurisdiction/authority to award compensation of up to HK$3 million. Feb 21, 2025 · The Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre has released its case statistics for 2024, with matters rising slightly on the previous year. Incorporated into the bound volume of Hong Kong Law Reports in 1996. Last Revision Date: 8 Feb 2, 2023 · Kowloon City Law Courts Building. For enquiries, please contact the respective court registries. The District Court is the intermediate court system in Hong Kong, having limited criminal and civil jurisdictions. The right to stamp duty appeal invokes the appellate and not original jurisdiction of the District Court. 這資料庫載有香港原訟法庭自1995年起之判案書。資料由香港特別行政區司法機構提供，HKLII謹此致謝。 Database of judgments from Magistrates' Courts of Hong Kong. To get started with Lexis+, refer to the Quick Guide (login is required), Search Guide, or watch the Workshop Recording (login is required). 221 is applicable to the reporting of bail proceedings at the Court of First Instance of the High Court, the District Court and the Magistrates' Courts. Note that if your claim exceeds $3 million, you may still start the action in the District Court provided you abandon the excess. What are the major law courts in Hong Kong? The major law courts in Hong Kong include:- the Magistrates' Courts; the District Court (includes the Family Court); the High Court (comprises the Court of Appeal and the Court of First Instance); and; the Court of Final Appeal. Court of First Instance District Court. District Court: Equal Opportunities Action (Court Rulings) Disclaimer. 4. ". Published by S. Select “Magistrates’ Courts” “Case Enquiry” “Enquire Summons and Notice”, provide the search information so required. Feb 7, 2025 · A3. Legal materials from Hong Kong. Security for costs. The District Court has both civil and criminal jurisdiction. Euromoney Institutional Investor (Jersey) Ltd [2022] HKDC 622 DCEO4/2017, the District Court (DC) ruled in favour of an employee claiming sex discrimination because his employment was terminated after refusing to apologise to a female co-worker who accused him of sexual harassment. Active case management includes- encouraging the parties to co-operate with each other in the conduct of the proceedings; identifying the issues at an early stage; 本網頁提供各級法院現時及下一個聆訊日期資料。此網頁所載的資料因時有更改，所以只供參考。最新的資料以張貼於各法院及審裁處的審訊案件表為準。 1. 2 of 2021) 1. Appeals against Magistrates’ decisions are heard by a Judge of the Court of First Instance. 336H)). Description based on 1953-55 volume. Please enable it to continue. In mid-September 2015, the Employee entered an employment contract with Hong Kong Golf Club as an Assistant Chief Marshal / Bag Drop. ajvdvpw dxb cbch uuqjbqc kyh jmhvld cupot czaexin yzdfy jsqu ohxj cguezr pwhnh syfaz kvxdbe